HIV isn't the death sentence it once was: How related deaths are dropping in the US
More than 1 million Americans live with human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, with tens of thousands of new diagnoses each year. But with earlier diagnoses and advances in treatment, HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, has become far more manageable. Death rates among diagnosed individuals have dropped, even as recently as the past five years.
Stacker analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to better understand drops in HIV-related deaths nationally and among certain subpopulations, taking a closer look at the factors behind these declines.
Overall, the CDC reports that 4,145 people died of a known cause related to HIV in 2022, a drop of about 19%—or 971 fewer deaths—compared to 2018. Dr. Robyn Neblett Fanfair, director of the HIV prevention division at the CDC, said this is due to ever-evolving HIV testing and treatments.
"HIV testing is becoming more of an option as people seek care, wherever they seek care," Fanfair told Stacker. "That's in community-based organizations, their primary care settings, family planning settings. It's been wonderful to see HIV tests become a part of overall well-being and health care in this country."
A hallmark of modern HIV treatment is viral suppression, or reducing the presence of HIV in one's blood to very low levels, which keeps patients healthy and prevents transmission. Nearly 2 in 3 Americans diagnosed with HIV have reached viral suppression, though the lowest rates are among women, those aged 25 to 34, Black people, and people who inject drugs, Fanfair said. New efforts in testing, treatment, and prevention are particularly targeted at these and other disproportionally affected groups.
Fanfair highlighted one recent testing innovation, Together TakeMeHome, a program for HIV self-tests that people can order via delivery. Demand for the tests was beyond what Fanfair's division anticipated, showing real eagerness for self-initiated testing among Americans, she said.
HIV treatments have also advanced substantially. In the past few years, researchers have developed combination pills so that those with HIV may only have to take one pill per day, rather than the dozens of daily pills characteristic of earlier antiretroviral treatments. Recently released treatments also include long-lasting injections, which patients only receive every few weeks or months.
Fanfair, who is also a medical provider for people living with HIV, called both innovations "revolutionary." She said other modalities are continuing to come out as well, giving HIV patients myriad treatment options that help them to live long and healthy lives.
"What these promising declines of HIV-related deaths really show us is the power of ongoing HIV care and treatment in this country," she said.
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